Normally, an electrical impulse starts in the sinus node at the top of the right atrium and then travels through the electric “wires” to the muscles of the lower chambers of the heart and cause a normal heartbeat. This natural electrical system helps the heart pump in a normal rhythm. A problem with any part of this system, either the heart’s natural “pacemaker” or the wires carrying the impulses can cause a slow heart rate. An artificial pacemaker will be needed to reset normal heart beats and make sure blood and oxygen are pumped to the brain and other parts of the body.
Artificial pacemakers are small devices that are implanted into the upper chest just below the collarbone, to improve electric current of the heart and prevent slow heart rates. Although it’s a small size, a pacemaker contains a computer with memory and electrical circuits, a powerful battery, and special wires called “leads.” The pulse generator creates electrical impulses that are carried by the leads to the heart muscle.
Pacemaker implantation does not require open-heart surgery and the procedure usually takes only about two hours. The pacemaker generator is implanted in a small pocket made under the skin. The leads are usually placed in a vein, and then moved to the heart with the help of an X-ray. The leads touch the heart muscle on one end, and are connected to the pacemaker generator on the other end. The pacemaker is programmed to send signals to the heart. The battery in the generator usually lasts 8-10 years.
It is a small metal box containing computer system with circuits and battery.
Leads are special wires which connect pulse generator with heart muscles. Electric current from pulse generator reaches to the heart muscles through these special wires.
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